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HTML ๊ฐœ๋…

์›น๊ณผ HTML

์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น(WWW)์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.

์›น์„œ๋น„์Šค(WEB service)๋ž€? :

https://www.fasdjflksd/index.html

https://์„œ๋ฒ„์ฃผ์†Œ/ํŒŒ์ผ์ด๋ฆ„

ํฌ๋กฌ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ € : html ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๋„ ํ•จ

IP(Internet Protocol) (172.217.27.78)

8๋น„ํŠธ(0 ~ 255)๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ, ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์†Œ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค.

V4, V6 , ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๋ฉด ํ• ๋‹น๊ฐ’์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜์„œ V6๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž„

๋„๋ฉ”์ธ(Domain) (google.com)

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ๋ช…

URL(Uniform Resuorce Locator)

https://www.google.co.kr/search?q=๊ตฌ๊ธ€

๋„๋ฉ”์ธ + ๊ฒฝ๋กœ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ์„œ๋ฒ„์— ์ €์žฅ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์šฐ์น˜

static web :๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋†“์€ HTML ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ ์คŒ<-> dynamic web : ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋ฉด ํ…œํ”Œ๋ฆฟ์œผ๋กœ HTML ํŒŒ์ผ ์ƒ์„ฑ

W3C : ์›นํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ทœ์•ฝ , HTML CSS JS

WHATWG : ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›นํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ทœ์•ฝ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•จ

HTML : Hyper Text Markup Language : ํ•˜์ดํผ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌธ์„œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ฌ, ์›นํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญํ•  ํ‘œ์‹œ ์–ธ์–ด

HTML ํŒŒ์ผ : HTML ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฌธ์„œํŒŒ์ผ

  • doctype ์š”์†Œ
  • HTML ์š”์†Œ
    • head ์š”์†Œ
    • body ์š”์†Œ
      • ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ € ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ํ•ด๋‹น

HTTPS(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) : Hyper Text๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ทœ ์น™

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS): ๋ชจ์–‘์ด๋‚˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์—ญํ• , ๊พธ๋ฉฐ์คŒ

JavaScript :

HTML ๋ฌธ์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

&#38;#60;!DOCTYPE html&#38;#62; &#38;#60;!--DOCTYPE ์„ ์–ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„œ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ์–ธ, ๋ณดํ†ต html์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.--&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;html lang=&#34;ko&#34;&#38;#62; &#38;#60;!--html ์š”์†Œ, html ๋ฌธ์„œ์˜ ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์„œ์˜ root๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. head์™€ body ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค.--&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;head&#38;#62; &#38;#60;!--head ์š”์†Œ ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ œ๋ชฉ, ๋ฌธ์ž์ฝ”๋“œ(์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. CSS ์„ ์–ธ ํ˜น์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋กœ๋”ฉ ํŒŒ์ผ ์ง€์ • ๋“ฑ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. og์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ํƒœ๊ทธ ์„ ์–ธ์ด ์ด๋ค„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.--&#38;#62;
	&#38;#60;meta charset=&#34;UTF-8&#34;&#38;#62;
	&#38;#60;title&#38;#62;Document&#38;#60;/title&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;/head&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;body&#38;#62;&#38;#60;!--body ์š”์†Œ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ € ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค.--&#38;#62;

&#38;#60;/body&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;/html&#38;#62;

html ๋ฌธ์„œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ (intro.html)

&#38;#60;!-- ์ฃผ์„ ๋‚ด์šฉ ctrl+/๋กœ ์ž๋™ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ--&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;!-- ์š”์†Œ(Element) : ํƒœ๊ทธ์™€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ตฌ๋ณ„์•ˆํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
    ๋ณดํ†ต ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ, ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ค‘์ฒฉ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค --&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;!-- ์—ฌ๋Š”ํƒœ๊ทธ-&#38;#62; &#38;#60;h1&#38;#62;contents&#38;#60;/h1&#38;#62;&#38;#60;- ๋‹ซ๋Š” ํƒœ๊ทธ --&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;!-- self-closing element &#38;#60;img src=&#34;url&#34;/&#38;#62; ๋‹ซ๋Š” ํƒœ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ํƒœ๊ทธ, 
    ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๋Š” ํƒœ๊ทธ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.--&#38;#62;
    &#38;#60;!-- ์†์„ฑ(Attribute) ํƒœ๊ทธ์—๋Š” ์†์„ฑ์ด ์ง€์ •๋ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. href = ์†์„ฑ๋ช…, &#34;google.com&#34; = ์†์„ฑ๊ฐ’ &#38;#60;a href=&#34;google.com&#34;/&#38;#62; ์ด๊ฑด ํ•˜์ดํผ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ ์†์„ฑ๋ช…=&#34;์†์„ฑ๊ฐ’&#34;์€ ๋„์–ด์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
        ์†์„ฑ๊ฐ’์€&#34;&#34;(ํฐ ๋”ฐ์˜ดํ‘œ) ์•ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ!, id : ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‹๋ณ„์ž, class: ์Šคํƒ€์ผ ์‹œํŠธ์—  --&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;!-- DOMํŠธ๋ฆฌ : bodyํƒœ๊ทธ์™€ h1ํƒœ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ์ž์‹ ๊ด€๊ณ„ (๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์Œ)
h1ํƒœ๊ทธ์™€ ulํƒœ๊ทธ(์ˆœ์„œ์—†๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์šฉ)๋Š” ํ˜•์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„(๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์Œ) --&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;body&#38;#62;
	&#38;#60;h1&#38;#62;์›น๋ฌธ์„œ&#38;#60;/h1&#38;#62;
	&#38;#60;ul&#38;#62;
		&#38;#60;li&#38;#62;HTML&#38;#60;/li&#38;#62;
		&#38;#60;li&#38;#62;CSS&#38;#60;/li&#38;#62;
	&#38;#60;/ul&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;/body&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;!-- ์‹œ๋งจํ‹ฑํƒœ๊ทธ : ex) div ํƒœ๊ทธ : ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ํƒœ๊ทธ &#38;#60;div&#38;#62; &#38;#60;/div&#38;#62; ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํ•  ์˜๋ฏธ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๋„ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜๋„ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž„, ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง, SEO : ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์—”์ง„ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์— ์“ฐ์ž„ article, footer, header ๋“ฑ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์žˆ์Œ--&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;!-- h1ํƒœ๊ทธ๋Š” ์™ ๋งŒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•œํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— 1๊ฐœ๋งŒ ์“ฐ์ž ๊ธ€์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด CSS๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ž--&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;h1&#38;#62;์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” h1 ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ œ๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.&#38;#60;/h1&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;p&#38;#62;์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์€ &#38;#60;b&#38;#62;์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ตต๊ฒŒ&#38;#60;/b&#38;#62; ํ‘œ์‹œ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค&#38;#60;/p&#38;#62; &#38;#60;!--p : ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์šฉ ํƒœ๊ทธ b(์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํ‹ฑ ํƒœ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ ์—†์Œ, ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ฐ•์กฐ), strong(์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํ‹ฑ ํƒœ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ ์ถ”๊ฐ€, SEO๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ): ๊ตต์€ ๊ธ€์”จ๋กœ--&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;ol&#38;#62;์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ol ํƒœ๊ทธ &#38;#60;!--ol&#38;#62;li*3 ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ 3๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•ด์žˆ๋Š” ํƒœ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋จ, ol + li*3๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ol๊ณผ li*3๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋จ Emmet.io ์ฐธ์กฐ--&#38;#62;
    &#38;#60;li&#38;#62;์›์†Œ1&#38;#60;/li&#38;#62;&#38;#60;!--ol ํƒœ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์— ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ ์Œ--&#38;#62;
    &#38;#60;li&#38;#62;์›์†Œ2&#38;#60;/li&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;/ol&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;ul&#38;#62;์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ul ํƒœ๊ทธ 
    &#38;#60;li style=&#34;border-style: dotted&#34;&#38;#62;์›์†Œ1&#38;#60;/li&#38;#62; &#38;#60;!-- ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์†์„ฑ ํƒœ๊ทธ๋กœ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ ์ฃผ๋กœ CSS๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์ž„--&#38;#62;
    &#38;#60;li&#38;#62;์›์†Œ2&#38;#60;/li&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;/ul&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;h2&#38;#62;222&#38;#60;/h2&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;h3&#38;#62;3333&#38;#60;/h3&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;a href=&#34;https://naver.com&#34;&#38;#62;&#38;#60;img src=&#34;http://imgnews.naver.net/image/5002/2017/09/03/0000977925_001_20170903211801431.jpg&#34; alt=&#34;&#34;&#38;#62;&#38;#60;/a&#38;#62;&#38;#60;!--a : ํ•˜์ดํผ ๋งํฌ ํƒœ๊ทธhref=์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ ์–ด์•ผํ•จ ๋‹ซ๋Š” ํƒœ๊ทธ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•จ--&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;!--๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํƒœ๊ทธ๋“ค--&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;!-- ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํƒœ๊ทธ๋Š” src ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ฎ--&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;!-- &#38;#60;video src=&#34;&#34;&#38;#62;&#38;#60;/video&#38;#62; &#38;#60;iframe&#38;#62;     ๋“ฑ--&#38;#62;

์‹œ๋งจํ‹ฑํƒœ๊ทธ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜

ํƒœ๊ทธ ์„ค๋ช…
header ํ—ค๋” (๋ฌธ์„œ ์ „์ฒด๋‚˜ ์„น์…˜์˜ ํ—ค๋”)
nav ๋‚ด๋น„๊ฒŒ์ด์…˜
aside ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฉ”์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์ ์€ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ
section ๋ฌธ์„œ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ปจํ…์ธ ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ h1~h6 ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง.
article ๋ฌธ์„œ, ํŽ˜์ด์ง€, ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ(ํฌ๋Ÿผ/์‹ ๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ)
footer ํ‘ธํ„ฐ (๋ฌธ์„œ ์ „์ฒด๋‚˜ ์„น์…˜์˜ ํ‘ธํ„ฐ)

HTML ์˜ˆ์‹œ 2 (index.html)

&#38;#60;!DOCTYPE html&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;html lang=&#34;en&#34;&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;head&#38;#62;
    &#38;#60;meta charset=&#34;UTF-8&#34;&#38;#62;
    &#38;#60;meta name=&#34;viewport&#34; content=&#34;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0&#34;&#38;#62;
    &#38;#60;meta http-equiv=&#34;X-UA-Compatible&#34; content=&#34;ie=edge&#34;&#38;#62;
    &#38;#60;title&#38;#62;Document&#38;#60;/title&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;/head&#38;#62;
&#38;#60;body&#38;#62;
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HTML form ์˜ˆ์‹œ(subway.html)
```HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>

Document

FORM

์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.


1. ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜ ์„ ํƒ


2. ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ ์„ ํƒ

cm

3. ๋นต ์„ ํƒ


4. ์•ผ์ฑ„/์†Œ์Šค

ํ† ๋งˆํ† 
์˜ค์ด
ํ• ๋ผํ”ผ๋‡จ
ํ•ซ ์น ๋ฆฌ
๋ฐ”๋ฒ ํ

```